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Sprengel deformity (congenital high shoulder position)

Sprengel's disease is a pathology of the development of the shoulder girdle, manifested in the high standing of the shoulder blade. This disease manifests itself already in infancy and is caused by a delay in the development of the scapula and a violation of its lowering in the third or fourth week of the embryonic period. The scapula acquires a wing-shaped shape, it becomes shorter than necessary, but increases in width.

There are two forms of Sprengel deformity: muscle and bone. Muscular deformity is considered less severe and is characterized by hypotrophy of the trapezius and rhomboid muscles of the shoulder girdle, while the difference in the height of the shoulder blades is from 5 to 12 cm, and the shoulder joint is raised up and shifted forward. Functional disorders are also characteristic: difficulty bending the arm and pulling it back. With the bony type of deformity, the upper edge of the scapula can reach the level of the occipital bone, and an omovertebral bone forms between the scapula and the spine, completely blocking the mobility of the scapula.

Sprengel's disease is diagnosed based on an external examination and X-ray readings.  At the stage of mild muscular deformity, conservative treatment is effective: shoulder girdle muscle massage, therapeutic swimming, gymnastics. More serious functional disorders with muscle and bone deformities are eliminated only surgically: during the operation, the scapula is mobilized, lowered and fixed in the right place and in the right position. Since Sprengel's disease manifests itself at a very early age, it is advisable to perform surgery in children aged 4-6 years. For a year and a half after surgery, it is recommended to practice therapeutic gymnastics regularly, and subsequently volleyball, rowing or swimming classes contribute to rehabilitation and prevention.

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