Most researchers consider nosebleeds not to be an independent disease, but a symptom found in a wide variety of diseases, both of ENT organs and of the body as a whole. According to recent literature data, the number of patients with nosebleeds is 14.7%-20.5% among all patients in need of emergency ENT care. It should be noted that 80% of bleeding is caused by general factors (hypertension, atherosclerosis, blood disease, etc.), while only 20% have changes in the nose and paranasal sinuses.
Preventing nosebleeds or their recurrence is often a difficult task and requires not only surgical professionalism, but also adequate medical treatment.
There are local and common causes of nosebleeds:
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Local - injuries, bruises of the bones of the external nose, foreign bodies, finger manipulation in the nose, benign and malignant neoplasms.
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Common diseases are hypertension, atherosclerosis, Randu-Osler-Weber disease, in which there is a thinning of the vascular wall, mainly small arteries, liver and kidney diseases, infectious diseases (influenza, brucellosis), taking medications that reduce clotting.
To understand the causes of the disease, an important indicator is the frequency of nosebleeds and its coincidence with other changes in the body (for example, against the background of increased blood pressure or due to prolonged medication).
As a rule, these patients need to be examined, and the first stage is to consult an otorhinolaryngologist. After examination and conversation with the patient, the specialists of the EMC Otorhinolaryngology Clinic recommend undergoing laboratory tests such as clinical and biochemical blood tests, general urinalysis and blood coagulation factors (coagulogram). This can be done at any time convenient for the patient, as the EMC Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory conducts all types of tests around the clock.
Treatment of nosebleed
Treatment consists primarily of eliminating (if possible) the causes of the bleeding, and can only be prescribed after a comprehensive examination. With frequent bleeding, patients are offered admission to the EMC for surgical treatment, cauterization of vessels in the nasal cavity in combination with antibiotic therapy in order to avoid infectious complications from the paranasal sinuses and ear.
In emergency cases, when the patient cannot stop the flow of blood from the nose for 30 minutes on his own, he must be taken to the clinic as soon as possible. The EMC always has an on-duty otorhinolaryngologist who is ready to provide highly qualified assistance 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
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