At the Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery of the European Medical Center, doctors at the expert level diagnose and treat parkinsonism, tremor, dystonia and other movement disorders. Movement disorders are conditions with abnormal or excessive movements. Most motor disorders occur due to impaired function of the basal ganglia, a special group of subcortical structures of the brain that regulate motor functions.
Neurological disorders with insufficiency and slowness of movement are called hypokinetic disorders, which are represented by Parkinson's disease and other types of Parkinsonism. Hyperkinetic disorders are characterized by excessive, involuntary movements, which can be roughly divided into several main categories: dystonia, chorea, tremor, myoclonus, and tic.
Types of movement disorders and their main causes:
1. Hypokinetic disorders.
Parkinsonism.
- Parkinson's disease
- Diffuse Lewy body disease
- Progressive supranuclear palsy
- Multisystem atrophy
- Corticobasal degeneration
- Hydrocephalus
- Vascular parkinsonism
- Medicinal parkinsonism
- Wilson's disease
2. Hyperkinetic disorders.
Dystonia.
Primary dystonia:
DOPA-sensitive dystonia.
Anoxic-hypoxic brain damage.
Brain injury.
Dystonia after encephalitis.
Tardive dystonia.
Chorea:
- Huntington's disease;
- neuroacanthocytosis;
- postinfectious chorea;
- medicinal chorea;
- vascular chorea;
- autoimmune chorea, chorea in rheumatism;
- chorea during pregnancy.
Tick:
- Tourette's syndrome;
- cerebral palsy and developmental delay syndromes;
- autism;
- Huntington's disease.
Myoclonus:
- physiological myoclonus;
- essential myoclonus;
- metabolic encephalopathy;
- post-toxic myoclonus;
progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
Tremor:
- essential tremor;
- physiological tremor;
- parkinsonian tremor;
- cerebellar tremor;
- dystonic tremor;
- neuropathic tremor;
- rubral tremor;
- psychogenic tremor;
- medicinal tremor.
Athetosis:
- developmental delay syndromes;
- anoxic-hypoxic brain damage.
Ballism:
cerebrovascular disease (in the case of hemiballism, usually an infarction of the contralateral subthalamic nucleus).
Akathisia
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