Testicular cancer

Types of testicular cancer

Testicular tumors are divided into two groups:

• Non-seminomas (non-seminoma tumors). They are more often diagnosed in young men – from 20 to 35 years old. They develop rapidly, metastasize and affect other organs.  These may be tumors of the yolk sac, lymphomas, and others. A favorable prognosis for this type of education is 93% of cases, provided timely access to a urologist. 

• The Seminomes. They mainly affect men over 40 years of age. They grow slowly, do not affect other organs and usually do not cause painful sensations. Unlike non-families, they are characterized by a favorable course. With timely treatment, patients are cured in 99% of cases.

According to the stage of development, the disease is divided into the following groups:

• Group 1: the tumor does not extend beyond the testicle.

• Group 2: education affects the lymph nodes.

• Group 3: the tumor affects the cervical lymph nodes.

Causes of testicular cancer

There is no definite reason, but there are risk factors.:

• cryptorchidism (non-descent of the testicle into the scrotum)

• testicular injuries

Symptoms of testicular cancer

The main sign of testicular cancer is the appearance of a dense formation in the organs of the scrotum, which gradually increases in size. In the early stages, a man may not notice the pathology due to the absence of pain and malaise. In such cases, only a timely examination will help identify the tumor.

As the tumor grows, symptoms may appear:

• abdominal and scrotum soreness;

• testicular enlargement and deformity.

In the later stages of testicular cancer, metastases form.

The disease is accompanied by common manifestations of cancer pathology:

• fatigue and weakness;

• weight loss;

• subfebrile temperature.

Diagnosis of testicular cancer

The main methods of diagnosis of testicular cancer:

• blood tests for cancer markers. According to the results of the analysis, the doctor evaluates the degree of tumor development. 

• CT/MRI scan.  The EMC has created all the conditions for high-quality diagnostics in a short time.

Treatment at the EMC Urological clinic

The tactics of treating testicular cancer are determined based on the type and stage of pathology.

All modern effective methods of combating the disease are available to patients at the EMC clinic.:

• surgical intervention;

• chemo and radiation therapy.

The classic operation for testicular cancer is orchiectomy - removal of the testicle and spermatic cord. Such an operation is low-traumatic and does not require long-term recovery. Specialists perform it through a minimal incision in the area of the inguinal ring. In the EMC, patients can undergo a combination operation: removal followed by reconstructive surgery to restore the appearance of the testicle.

Then the removed tissues are examined in the EMC laboratory. Based on the results of the histological examination of the material, the specialist may prescribe additional treatment methods.

Usually, in the initial stages of seminoma, radiation therapy is prescribed after testicular removal. In case of later-stage seminoma or non-seminoma, the patient needs to undergo chemotherapy.

Doctors evaluate the dynamics of recovery based on the results of CT/MRI examinations.

Sometimes, after surgery for testicular cancer and additional therapies, the patient becomes temporarily infertile. In the EMC, you can undergo treatment to restore childbearing function. Also, before cancer treatment, a man can undergo a sperm cryopreservation program – this will allow him to use sperm in the IVF protocol after therapy in the event that a man is faced with permanent infertility.

Advantages of contacting EMC

• joint management of cancer patients by all necessary specialists: a urologist, a morphologist, a chemotherapist, a radiation therapist and a radiation diagnostician.

• modern international treatment protocols.

• security. For chemotherapy, we use high-quality drugs of the latest generation, as well as use port systems to eliminate damage to peripheral veins. In addition, we provide accompanying therapy to make it easier for the patient to tolerate the treatment. The use of innovative radiotherapy techniques (RapidArc, IGRT) allows you to maximize the protection of surrounding healthy tissues and almost completely eliminate side effects.