Scoliosis is a pathology of the spine, expressed in a persistent lateral deviation from an upright position.
Idiopathic scoliosis occurs during a period of accelerated skeletal growth, and the causes of its manifestation are still not clearly defined. Idiopathic scoliosis is about 5-6 times more common in girls than in boys. 20% of all cases of pathology are scoliosis caused by a previous disease (polio, connective tissue diseases) or deformity of the vertebrae.
Early diagnosis is carried out by the so-called tilt test: the patient bends forward with his arms down, and the doctor, examining the spine from behind, notes the asymmetry that appears. Radiography of the entire spinal column is also performed, and radiography of the lateral projection helps to determine the presence of physiological kyphoses (stoops) and lordoses (bends of the spine with a forward bulge).
Conservative treatment of scoliosis up to 15 degrees is carried out with the help of therapeutic gymnastics. Progressive scoliosis of 20-25 degrees is treated by wearing a retroactive corset for at least 16 hours a day and therapeutic gymnastics. In the advanced stages, surgical treatment is indicated — straightening and immobilizing the curvature with metal rods. Operations for the treatment of scoliosis are divided according to the type of access into anterior and posterior, while the former are preferable from a cosmetological point of view, since the traces of surgical intervention after them are less noticeable.
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