Immunohistochemical test to exclude Lynch syndrome
The EMC Histological Laboratory began conducting an immunohistochemical (IHC) test of microsatellite instability in adenocarcinomas to exclude Lynch syndrome (hereditary colon cancer).
The test allows you to determine whether the tumor is genetically inherited or sporadic (random). The test is performed on histological tumor material that was received by the laboratory after surgery or biopsy, no additional sampling is required.
If the test is positive, the probability of Lynch syndrome is high, therefore, there is a high risk of developing a recurrent intestinal tumor or endometrial cancer, stomach cancer and cancers of other localizations, which requires more careful dynamic monitoring of the patient. A positive test also requires a molecular genetic study to clarify the form of the genetic damage.
A negative test indicates that the tumor is sporadic.
With a high probability (up to 80%) Lynch syndrome is inherited, manifested by the development of early cancers of the intestine, endometrium, etc. The presence of Lynch syndrome significantly increases the risk of developing cancer in both women and men.
Colon cancer:
- The risk of having Lynch syndrome is 25% by the age of 50,82% by the age of 70
- The risk in the general population0.2% by the age of 50, 2% by the age of 70
Stomach cancer:
- The risk of having Lynch syndrome is 13% by age 70
- The risk in the general population is <1% by age 70
Cancer of the uterus (endometrium)
- The risk of having Lynch syndrome is ~20% by the age of 50,71% by the age of 70
- The risk in the general population is 0.2% by the age of 50,1.5% by the age of 70
Ovarian cancer
- The risk of having Lynch syndrome is 12% by age 70
- The risk in the general population is 2% by the age of 70
Lynch syndrome also increases the risk of other neoplasms.:
- small intestine 7.2%; urinary tract 4%; brain 7.3%;
- biliary tract 2% by age 70.
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