SLAP syndrome is the separation of the upper part of the articular lip of the shoulder joint, connected to the tendon of the long head of the biceps. Currently, it is often found in patients involved in throwing sports.
The separation of the articular lip at the place of attachment of the biceps may be associated with dislocation, a direct strong blow, a fall on the extended arm and chronic instability in the shoulder joint. In this case, combined damage to the Ban card and SLAP is often detected.
To diagnose SLAP syndrome, it is necessary to carefully collect a sports history, information about shoulder joint injuries, possible surgical interventions, and conditions that exacerbate complaints. Usually, patients experience deep pain, clicks, and wedges in the shoulder joint. There may be limited range of motion and weakening of the shoulder girdle muscles.
Relatively specific tests for detecting SLAP syndrome are the Biceps Tendon Test (Speed), the Compression rotation test, and the O'Brien test. Computer and magnetic resonance imaging are key in the diagnosis of SLAP syndrome. In most cases, conservative treatment aimed at reducing pain, increasing range of motion and strengthening muscles is unsuccessful. In the initial stages, arthroscopic debridement of the affected area is indicated. In case of widespread tears, lip refixation using anchor clamps is advisable.
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