Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract that is accompanied by a number of respiratory symptoms: wheezing, shortness of breath, chest congestion, and coughing. The disease cannot be completely cured, but it is possible to maintain a decent quality of life through drug therapy and lifestyle changes, especially with early detection. Bronchial asthma is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation of the disease. Periods of exacerbation occur more often in spring and autumn and can be caused by various factors. Episodes of exacerbation require mandatory supervision by a specialist.
Causes of exacerbation of bronchial asthma
Various factors (triggers) can lead to an exacerbation of the disease, which provoke inflammation of the respiratory tract and further acute bronchospasms. The main causes of exacerbation include:
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respiratory infections;
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contact with allergens;
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increased (atypical for a patient with ASTHMA) physical activity;
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stress and increased psycho-emotional stress;
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changing weather conditions: a sharp decrease in air temperature, high humidity, and spikes in atmospheric pressure;
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emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere;
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smoking;
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the use of certain medications (not agreed with the doctor) or self-increasing the dose of prescribed medications.
Symptoms of asthma exacerbation
Periods of ASTHMA remission can last from several months to several years. Nevertheless, periods of exacerbation still occur, and patients need to be attentive to the first symptoms.
Exacerbations of bronchial asthma are manifested by episodes of increasing shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and a feeling of chest congestion. Unstable psychoemotional state, increased irritability, weakness, and sleep impairment are the first external symptoms of an impending exacerbation of the condition. If the patient experiences nocturnal attacks of suffocation, this is the first sign of an exacerbation. If the need to increase the dose of the drug to stop an attack becomes regular, it is imperative to consult a doctor, since a spontaneous change in the medication regimen can lead to the development of such a life-threatening condition as asthmatic status.
If the first signs of an exacerbation occur, you should immediately consult a doctor to relieve the acute condition and "smooth" correction of preventive treatment.
Treatment of asthma exacerbation
The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease and reduction of attacks of shortness of breath, primarily at night and after physical exertion. The main task of the doctor is to improve the patient's quality of life in order to maintain normal functioning during periods of remission. Depending on individual characteristics, remission periods can range from several months to several years.
The choice of treatment methods for bronchial asthma during an exacerbation is determined by the doctor in a specific case, since the clinical manifestations of each patient are always individual.
Treatment of an acute condition always begins with drug therapy – in the vast majority of cases, inhalation devices. The more severe and frequent the seizures, the more medications will be prescribed to the patient at the first stage to relieve the acute condition. In case of severe exacerbation, intravenous administration of medications and oxygen therapy may be required.
Advantages of treatment of bronchial asthma exacerbation in EMC
Bronchial asthma is a severe diagnosis, after which a person's life changes forever. The main advantage of modern treatment of bronchial asthma in EMC is teaching the patient how to live with such a diagnosis. Doctors prepare people for lifestyle changes and provide the necessary support. The attending physician must regularly monitor the patient's condition. Individual support methods are provided for each EMC patient, which allows a person to quickly cope with all difficulties in the first stages after diagnosis, when the patient needs to learn how to assess the severity of his condition during an exacerbation and correctly use prescribed medications.
Treatment of allergic bronchial asthma is never prescribed once and for all. Therapy is always adjusted depending on the patient's condition and seasonal exacerbations, so EMC doctors always stay in touch with the patient. Most often, the treatment stages are divided into three-month courses, where, based on the results, the doctor evaluates the effectiveness and decides whether to continue or change treatment. Each patient keeps a diary where he records the frequency and severity of seizures and his condition. In this case, even if the patient cannot come to the clinic in person, the doctor can assess the problem and remotely adjust the therapy.
If, for any reason, the patient could not cope with the attack at home, then all the necessary tests (spirometry, pulse oximetry) will be performed around the clock in the EMS emergency department, the acute condition will be treated according to all international standards, and all necessary information will be passed on to the attending physician.
A team of EMC expert doctors with many years of experience allows each patient to fight the disease and maintain a decent quality of life.
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