Dislocation in the shoulder joint is a common injury that causes the head of the humerus to move forward, downwards or posteriorly from the articular cavity of the scapula.
Dislocation of the shoulder occurs when falling on an outstretched arm and directly hitting the shoulder area, which often occurs in contact sports, when slipping and falling from a height of one's own height.
Symptoms and diagnosis
The symptoms of shoulder dislocation are typical: the patient complains of severe pain, painful restriction of movement in the shoulder joint. A characteristic deformity of the limb becomes noticeable.
To clarify the diagnosis, to exclude more severe injuries - fractures, dislocations of the shoulder, tears of the large tubercle - it is necessary to perform radiography in direct and lateral projections. An MRI scan is performed to assess the condition of the soft tissues - the articular lip, the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles, the biceps tendon, and the ligaments of the shoulder joint.
Shoulder dislocation treatment
Acute dislocation in the shoulder joint is treated conservatively — the patient spends 3 weeks in a special bandage, after which he undergoes rehabilitation therapy. If repeated (habitual) dislocations of the shoulder occur, surgery is necessary.
A significant problem is post-traumatic instability in the shoulder joint — its development is determined by the nature of the injury: the articular lip is torn off, which ensures the fixation of the shoulder head in the articular cavity. The separation of the articular lip, the main structure that prevents the shoulder head from moving out of the articular cavity, most often occurs during the first dislocation. This injury, called a Bankart injury, is the main cause of chronic joint instability.
With repeated dislocations, the articular cartilage of the shoulder head is erased, and a Hill-Sachs defect forms on its posterior surface. In advanced cases, severe osteoarthritis (arthrosis of the shoulder joint) is formed. Conservative treatment of habitual shoulder dislocation is futile, and the effective treatment method used in ECSTO is arthroscopic refixation of the cartilaginous lip to the articular (glenoidal) cavity of the scapula using special, very thin, but very durable, biodegradable (self-absorbable) anchors after a certain amount of time, it takes for the tendons to heal. Thus, the primary stability of the shoulder joint is created - the lip is firmly fixed to the bone, a special roller has been created that prevents the shoulder head from moving forward, that is, it prevents the development of a habitual dislocation of the shoulder. The arthroscopic technique (through the thinnest punctures in the joint) makes it possible to limit the patient's stay in the clinic to one day. The Bankart operation is one of the most effective and high—tech operations in modern orthopedic arthroscopic surgery.
Rehabilitation after shoulder dislocation
In the postoperative period after Bankart's operation, shoulder joint immobilization is used for three weeks, which is accompanied by electrotherapy and lymphatic drainage massage to reduce limb swelling and pain. From the 4th week, passive joint mobilization is performed, as well as careful active therapeutic exercises in order to gradually restore the functions of the limb. From the 7th week, mobilization begins in greater volume, and the patient performs exercises with a light load (1-2 kg). Approximately from the fourth month after the operation, active strength training begins, by the same time, ECSTO clinic specialists, as a rule, achieve the restoration of the full volume of active and passive movements. Rehabilitation for shoulder dislocation can last up to six months, and sports activities are allowed no earlier than the seventh month after surgery.
By contacting the ECSTO clinic, you will be able to quickly and efficiently undergo an examination and treatment of shoulder dislocation.
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