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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (formerly called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. However, it should be noted that rheumatic autoimmune diseases in children are rare. The incidence of juvenile arthritis is 2-16 people per 100,000 children. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease of unknown cause lasting more than 6 weeks.

The causes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis have been studied for many years. To date, many factors that trigger inflammation in the joint are being considered: a mixed viral and bacterial infection, injury, exposure to sunlight, hypothermia, heredity, and stress.

Main symptoms

  • Joint pain, external changes in joints (swelling, redness of the skin above the joint), limited movement in the joint, often pain in the small joints of the hands
  • Pain in the cervical spine, back pain
  • Morning stiffness (stiffness and joint pain in the morning after waking up)
  • Fever without obvious symptoms of infection
  • Skin rash (the rash can be varied, around the joints, on the face, trunk)
  • Enlargement of lymph nodes. 
If the above symptoms are noted, this is a reason to consult a pediatric rheumatologist.Ophthalmologists are often referred to a rheumatologist after the detection of uveitis (an inflammatory disease of the vascular membrane of the eye) .

Diagnostics

The diagnostic path for juvenile arthritis can be long, because often the disease may not fully manifest itself, the joints hurt periodically for a short time, sometimes there is joint deformation without pain, sometimes changes in the joints are not noticeable. 
Clinical protocols and recommendations have been developed in pediatric rheumatology for mandatory laboratory and instrumental examination of a child in order to detect juvenile arthritis. All methods of examination of the patient are available in the European Medical Center, the diagnosis is carried out in a short time.

Treatment

Clinical protocols and recommendations have been developed in pediatric rheumatology for mandatory laboratory and instrumental examination of a child in order to detect juvenile arthritis. All methods of examination of the patient are available in the European Medical Center, the diagnosis is carried out in a short time.

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