The following operations are most often performed on patients, which are currently recognized as the "gold standard" of bariatrics:
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sleeve gastroplasty;
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gastric bandaging;
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gastric bypass surgery.
Sleeve gastroplasty
Sleeve gastroplasty is based on the restrictive principle - during this operation, most of the stomach is removed, and a thin tube (sleeve) with a diameter of 1 cm is formed from the remaining part. Such a stomach holds very little food, and in addition, a thin sleeve serves as an obstacle to the free passage of food. As a result, passing through a long and very narrow stomach, the food overcomes significant resistance and, lingering, causes a persistent feeling of satiety with a very small amount.
Gastric bandaging
During banding, a ring is placed on the upper part of the stomach, which can be adjusted, thereby reducing or increasing the lumen of the stomach.The "small stomach" located above the ring has a volume of only 10-15 ml, that is, it is enough for a person to eat only one tablespoon of food to fill it. The stomach wall stretches at this point, and the satiety receptors begin to send signals of fullness to the brain. This is the most popular bariatric surgery, as it is easily tolerated and is completely reversible (the ring can be removed at any time). But at the same time, for successful weight loss, the patient must carefully monitor his diet and regularly visit a doctor to adjust the ring.
Gastric bypass surgery
During gastric bypass surgery, the stomach is stitched with titanium staples, as a result of which a "small stomach" with a volume of about 30-50 ml is created in its upper part, and then a loop of the small intestine is sewn to it. Firstly, due to the small capacity of the "small stomach", a person cannot eat much food. Secondly, the eaten food bypasses most of the stomach and small intestine, therefore, this operation reduces the absorption of nutrients.
The surgeon decides which of these operations to choose together with the patient, since the choice depends not only on the initial data (the patient's current condition), but also on how much the patient is willing to comply with postoperative recommendations - to monitor nutrition, regularly attend a doctor's appointment, etc.
The described bariatric operations are performed laparoscopically (with minimal incisions) under general anesthesia. Depending on the type of surgery, the duration varies from 30 minutes (gastric bandaging) to 3-4 hours (other operations).
Patients who have undergone gastric banding surgery are usually discharged the next morning after surgery. After gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastroplasty, the hospital stay is usually 3-5 days. Most often, you can go to work 2-3 days after gastric band surgery and two weeks after bypass surgery and sleeve gastroplasty. Although, if work involves heavy physical activity, you should refrain from it for 2 months.
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