Ovarian cysts are a widespread disease in women of childbearing age. At the same time, 30% of cases of cyst formation are diagnosed in patients with a regular menstrual cycle and 50% with a disrupted one. During menopause, the disease can occur in 6% of women.
Types of ovarian cysts
By their nature, cysts are divided into functional and organic. The first ones are temporary and are formed due to a minor malfunction of the ovary. A functional cyst is usually treated with oral hormonal drugs and self-destructs after one to two months. But there are also cysts that do not disappear for more than two months and require surgical intervention. They are commonly called organic.
Follicular. The cavity of the follicular cyst has thin walls with a smooth surface, with a diameter of two to seven centimeters. Sometimes several follicular cysts can form along the incision, but they are always single-chambered, without partitions.
Corpus luteum cyst. A cyst of a functional nature. The cyst of the corpus luteum has thickened walls and can be from two to seven centimeters in diameter. The inner surface of the cyst is often yellow, the contents are light, and with hemorrhages they are bloody.
Hemorrhagic.It is a consequence of hemorrhage inside the formed follicular cyst or corpus luteum cyst.
Endometrioid. It is formed when the tissues of the mucous membrane of the inner layer of the uterine wall grow in the ovaries. An endometrioid cyst is often filled with dark contents, blood, and its diameter ranges from two to several tens of centimeters.
Dermoid. It consists of parts of the embryonic germ sheets enclosed in a mucus-like mass, derivatives of connective tissue (fat, cartilage, skin). A dermoid cyst usually does not reach large sizes and grows slowly.
Mucinous. Benign epithelial tumor. The cavity of this cyst has an uneven surface and is filled with mucin, a slimy liquid that is the secret of the epithelium. A mucinous cyst can reach quite large sizes and have several chambers.
Serous. Benign epithelial tumor. The capsule surface is lined with serous epithelium. It contains a light straw-colored transparent liquid inside.
Epithelial tumors. They develop from the epithelial components of the ovary. They can be benign, borderline, or malignant.
Germinogenic tumors. They account for less than 5% of all neoplasms in the ovaries. At the same time, they are characterized by the most violent current. They are often quite large (more than fifteen centimeters).
Reasons
There are quite a few reasons for the development of an ovarian cyst.
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hormonal and endocrine disorders;
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early menstruation;
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artificial termination of pregnancy, including abortions;
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thyroid disorders;
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inflammatory diseases and sexual infections;
Complications
An ovarian cyst may have the following complications:
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Some types of cysts can become malignant if they persist for a long time. It should be remembered that only a histological examination can be an accurate method of diagnosing the nature of a cyst.
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Twisting of the cyst stem, which may be accompanied by severe pain, cyst rupture, which may result in the development of peritonitisInfertility.Specialists of the European Medical Center warn that it is very important to visit a gynecologist regularly (once a year) for timely diagnosis of pelvic pathology. In the case of an already identified ovarian cyst, the frequency of visits to the gynecologist is determined by the doctor individually.DiagnosticsThe cyst is diagnosed by the following methods:
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Gynecological examination. It allows you to determine the soreness in the lower abdomen and an increase in appendages.
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Ultrasound. The most informative method, as it allows not only to determine the presence of a cyst, but also to monitor its development.
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Ovarian laparoscopy. Not only is there an almost 100% method of cyst diagnosis, but also a method of its treatment.
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Pregnancy test. It is necessary to rule out ectopic pregnancy.
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Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. These methods are used to determine the quality of the cyst, its location, size, structure, contours, and other parameters necessary for surgery.
TreatmentThe choice of cyst treatment depends on the nature of the cyst, its type, and the presence of complications. The most common functional cysts are usually treated with oral hormonal medications. Treatment of these cysts can take from two to three months, depending on the size of the formation. At the same time, the dynamics of treatment is monitored using ultrasound. If drug treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention is recommended.The surgical method is more often used as the main one for the treatment of complex organic cysts. Modern technologies assume laparoscopic intervention in such cases, which allows minimally damaging healthy tissues, minimizing complications from surgery and minimizing the duration of hospitalization to 1-2 days. In any case, during the operation, doctors will try to preserve the patient's ovary and reproductive capabilities as much as possible.
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Questions and answers
How to lose weight correctly
I am 53 years old, my weigh is 116 kg. In 1988, my metabolism was probably, disturbed following the first childbirth. I gained weight, and since then I have been trying to fight with it periodically. I eat a lot of sweets however glucose is now normal and it always was. With age, my legs and back started to hurt me,
it is hard to “move” myself. I have undergone an examination in the district hospital, but nothing special was found. What tests and examinations I should bring to the doctor to get a diagnosis and treatment? Thank you!
...more Unfortunately, doctors not always can find the cause of excess weight. But this does not mean that there are ways to deal with it. Of course, it is not easy, but you definitely should try! At the first consultation it is desirable to have blood tests results, obtained no more than 6 months ago, total cholesterol,
glucose, glycated hemoglobin. Notes in the diary of blood pressure for 1-2 weeks are also important. Most likely, the doctor will arrange some additional examinations at visit, but everything is very individual and it's better to discuss all details with the doctor personally. You surely have to bring the results of previous all examinations with you.
...more 
Novikova Polina
08 September 2016
Question about ultrasound
I am 36 years old. Thyroid gland ultrasound: topography: position is regular, the right lobe is enlarged W-24 mm, t-22 mm, l- 51 mm, the volume is 12.90 cm3, left lobe enlarged, W -23 mm, t-23 mm, l-56 mm, volume is 14,90 cm3, isthmus thickness is 5 mm, the total volume is 27.09 cm3, alignments are even,
echostructure is inhomogenous, echogenicity is normal, focal masses are not seen, lymph nodes are not seen, conclusion; ultrasound signs of diffuse changes in the enlarged thyroid gland. TSH 2.10 mcIU/ml (normal range 0.30-4.00). The doctor prescribed Iodocomb 50/150 for 3 months. I have been taking the medicine for 2.5 months, but TG does not seem to diminish in size and I feel discomfort (it’s like a need to stretch my neck). Whether the treatment prescribed is correct? Are any additional tests needed? Should I have my thyroid gland diminished for those 2.5 months or it is too early to talk about it? Thank you!
...more It's hard to advice any treatment by correspondence. The cause of the thyroid gland enlargement is still unclear based on the results provided. The most common cause is iodine deficiency and Iodocomb treatment is appropriate in this case. Another cause is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis which requires different
treatment. Endocrinologists at EMC will advise you and decide on the types of treatment and necessary doses.
...more 
Russ Irina
08 September 2016
Arthrosis
My left jaw started to hurt me after giving birth. The pain was accompanied by a crunch, clicks, discomfort when chewing. Arthrosis was diagnosed at local institution. What should I do?
The symptoms of pain and the crunch may occur following precipitating factors. It can be a trauma of the maxillofacial area, ENT-organs infections, sitting with mouth open for a long time when visiting the dentist, hypothermia, overload. Perhaps, pregnancy and childbirth were such a factor in your case. The treatment
goal in arthrosis is to reduce the load in temporomandibular joint. Treatment depends on the cause or the complex of causes that triggered the arthrosis. This may be due to the anatomical mismatch between the articular head size and the glenoid fossa. This also can be due to the long-term overload resulted from irregular bite and muscle imbalance. If increased tone of the masticatory muscles has led to increased abrasion of teeth, method of treatment with the restoration of the chewing surfaces and cutting edges of all teeth is optimal. But before that, splint therapy (mouth guards) is mandatory, which ensures the optimal position of the articular heads in articular fossae. Treatment is designed depending on the cause of changes in the joint. If the irregular bite is present pre-treatment by the orthodontist may be worthwhile.
...more
Problems with teeth
I have a huge problem with my teeth - all the teeth were treated, metalless ceramics were fixed in some places, a few teeth need to be removed. The treatment was carried out abroad, but the caries problem was beyond control, despite regular professional hygiene and specially selected tools. What range of dental
examinations, in addition to specialist’s consultation, I can count on in EMC Moscow?
...more Various dental diagnostic methods are available in our Dentistry Department: computed tomography of all teeth of both jaws, which gives a three-dimensional image and allows the doctor to more accurately diagnose; orthopantomography gives a flat image of all the teeth; the targeted x-ray tooth image. Tooth extraction
is performed surgically, mostly under local anesthesia. Diagnostic and treatment methods are determined individually by the attending doctor on consultation. Thank you for your message!
...more
How soon I may drive after LASIC?
When can I ride a car after LASIK?
Eyesight recovery is quite fast. Visual acuity is almost completely restored next morning, and most people can drive a car and get to work.
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Elias Raid
08 September 2016
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