Transanal removal of rectal tumor

Villous tumors of the rectum are, in fact, benign, but the peculiarity of these tumors is their frequent degeneration into cancer. Unlike polyps on the pedicle, they spread over the surface of the intestinal mucosa, sometimes over a considerable distance, often arranged circularly, which makes it difficult to remove them. Their size is directly related to the risk of malignancy, the larger the tumor, the higher the risk of developing cancer in it at one stage or another. Given the possibility of villous tumor malignancy, the operation should include its radical excision (in compliance with oncological principles, that is, with the surrounding healthy intestinal tissues) followed by histological examination. But if most of the polyps of the rectum can be removed by endoscopists during a colonoscopy, such a large tumor cannot be removed endoscopically and requires a different approach. 

 

Patients are examined according to the oncological protocol for diseases of the rectum, which includes the exclusion of distant metastatic foci in the liver and lungs using CT and the assessment of tumor penetration into the intestinal wall and the condition of the lymph nodes using pelvic MRI. EMC coloproctologists practice a modern approach to performing such operations - villous tumors of the rectum are removed by transanal access, that is, through the rectum. Previously, with this diagnosis, resection (removal) of the rectum was performed, often with the removal of a stoma. With the help of transanal minimally invasive operations, it is possible to remove a tumor that is located in any part of the rectum. At the same time, surgical trauma is minimal. Pathomorphologists from the EMC histological laboratory are always present in the operating room, who will conduct an intraoperative histological examination of the removed tumor for the radicality of the operation, and later determine the nature of the tumor and the depth of penetration into the intestinal wall.